PDF Research

Acrobat, InDesign, Publishing Projects,
and the Future of PDF

A Conversation with C. Scott Miller

This article appeared 3/13/99 in the Australian e-zine called AcroBuddies -- a production of Round Table Solutions/Planet PDF.


  1. Acrobat 4.0 - The Most Significant New Features
  2. Adobe InDesign - Authoring for Digital Publishing
  3. The Future of PDF
  4. PDF and Pre-Press Issues
  5. FrameMaker to PDF CD-ROM: Xerox Case Study


Acrobat 4.0 - The Most Significant New Features

What new feature(s) in Acrobat 4.0 do you regard as the most significant?

There are so many great features. Acrobat has given companies many new reasons to adopt PDF as an enterprise-wide format standard - and that is a BIG deal.

Annotation - It's not just the mark-up tools that are so cool, it is the things you can do with the annotations. You can save them by user, email them, combine them with other users' comments, summarize them. The workgroup possibilities set the stage for large corporate licenses for Acrobat.

Web Capture - Extremely cool but hard to understand how it will be used initially. Adobe has reduced any objections to implementing PDF on the web because of HTML to PDF conversion concerns. You will notice that one of the first demos they give when introducing the InDesign program is that you can convert any Quark file to it. Ease of conversion sells new formats and programs.

Document comparison - You can compare two versions of a PDF document directly on the screen. Great for workgroup management and quality control.

Signatures - Digital signatures allows new industries to adopt PDF format for broad implementations - particularly in law, finance, and e-commerce.

Content editing - Clicking on components within a PDF allows you to edit them in Illustrator or Photoshop.

Copy and past text and tables - has been expanded in this version.

Optimization settings - You can develop your own resolution, compression and font embedding settings optimized for each output need.

Send E-mail feature - A finished PDF can be automatically attached to an email initiated directly from within Acrobat.


Adobe InDesign - Authoring for Digital Publishing

At Seybold Seminars/Boston Adobe officially announced the development of their new page layout program called InDesign (code named "K2"). What is the significance of this product?

If you think about it, Adobe has never created a page layout program before. They bought PageMaker and FrameMaker with all their strengths and flaws and they worked diligently to make the fit into the Adobe family of digital publishing tools. During this process they have learned a great deal about the demands of the typographic, print and document publishing industries.

But so much has changed since desktop publishing began in earnest in the late 1980's (the WWW, for instance). There hasn't been a fresh page layout program dedicated to the PDF format at the level that Quark Xpress dedicated to the Postscript format.

This vacuum needed to be filled for PDF to really take off - and it is pretty obvious Quark was not going to capitulate to Adobe and revamp their base code to do it (remember last September when Quark even threatened to buy Adobe out). Quark still hasn't released a successful PDF filter for their product even though they promised one over a year ago.

InDesign is a totally new approach to digital document authoring. It looks and feels like a multi-page layout program. In fact, Adobe clearly demonstrates that it can easily convert any Quark Xpress file to InDesign.

But beyond that, it works with Illustrator and Photoshop files in their native mode. You can retain and modify all of the levels, color specs, clip paths, etc. from within InDesign. Its modular architecture will allow plug-in and third party software companies to develop enhanced vertical market applications.

Plus, the image previews... aren't really. An InDesign imported vector looks like an native vector, not just a For Position Only screen PICT of an imported vector. Same for imported bitmaps. The authoring experience will be so much more intuitive and accurate. And FUN! Imagine 4000% zoom-ins - now that's control. Just in time for HDTV publications authoring.

InDesign has been touted as the "Quark Killer" - not a good P.R. promotion in my mind. I prefer to call it the "Killer AP" that will make PDF the obvious choice for all cross-media publishing in the not to distant future.


The Future of PDF

The dream of the 'electronic office' sometimes appears as unrealistic as it was five years ago. A lot of people are not that interested in reading documents from a computer screen. People almost seem to be encouraged to print out documents. Will we see the end to the printing out of PDF books, articles and manuals in the near future?

In the early 1980's I was a product designer in the check printing industry. Everyone was asking the same question then about paperless banking transactions using credit cards and computer links to banks. Fact is, the experts forgot one thing - human behavior. People were used to signing checks and you couldn't coax them away from it.

It will take at least a generation to get people away from reading paper. I dare say there is alot more paper in use today BECAUSE of computer "broadcasting" of digital documents than there ever was before computers. We are the funniest species on the planet.

Of course it doesn't make any sense. Paper is expensive to design, modify, print, store, distribute, file, search, and retrieve. But there is still a preference of this generation of human animal to touch, peruse, mark-up, and curl up with paper - not laptops.

However, there is a paradigm shift from "print and distribute" to "distribute and print." Corporations are much more willing to give you a PDF and let you print it than they are to print and distribute the documents to you. And we will see much more of that.

Speaking for myself, I am learning to read more on-screen and print less. Instead of filing paper documents of my research, I have built a "PDF research companion" website (http://www.performancegraphics.com). I got tired of lugging my research in 3-ring binders to my clients. I got the brilliant idea that by building a website, I could document links in the midst of my own written explanations, structured to reflect the hierarchy of my inquiries. My website is a deliverable for my consulting accounts, where they can access "just in-time" answers to their questions for subjects I may have researched years ago. In short, it serves me and serves my clients, and is accessible anywhere to anybody (except for the few embedded PDFs that I password).

Who will be using PDF in five years?

I like to make the comparison of where we are today with where we were 15 years ago.

Fifteen years ago the first Macs introduced desktop publishing as a bitmap world with limited fonts, coarse tools, and not much memory. Then Adobe Postscript ushered in a new palette of high resolution, designer fonts, and new ways to get quality output. It profoundly changed the publishing and printing world.

Today we have the internet - a bitmap world with limited fonts, coarse tools, and no much bandwidth. Now Adobe PDF format (Postscript's evolutionary descendent) ushers in a new palette of high resolution, embedded fonts, and new ways to output across a variety of media from virtually every computer platform.

In five years, with DVD, HDTV, broader bandwidth, and Adobe's Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) the web and television will look more like PDF than it does HTML (GIFs and JPEGs).

Hold onto your hat!


PDF and Pre-Press Issues

You said in the PurePDF article "PDF: The Best Universal Format" that there are still some issues to be worked out before high-end pre-press production embraces PDF. You mentioned a couple of examples - spot color separations and trapping. How much of a hurdle are these and how long would you expect before the pre-press industry does fully embrace PDF. What other alternatives do they have?

In the mid-80's the idea of the print industry being dependent upon Postscript digital files was a gleam in a few people's eyes but there was too much capital invested in optical systems, unions, stripping departments, etc. to realistically expect it to happen within a generation. Color separations were not even available for 5 years. Now there is hardly a stripping department in sight - it all went digital based on Postscript.

Now you ask if Adobe can usher the industry through another door - PDF, Postscript's evolutionary offspring? Believe me, the print industry can't wait for an all PDF workflow with all the promised efficiencies and savings that it offers.

How long? Publishing technology is evolving at a geometric rate. If it took ten years to go from desktop publishing to the WWW, it shouldn't take three years to replace Postscript workflows with PDF. There are equipment costs, manpower, and training considerations involved, however, so there may be a reluctance to throw out old technology even if the bottomline makes sense.

Adobe's recently announced PressReady program is another landmark that takes us closer to actualizing PDF's pre-press workflow potential.


FrameMaker to PDF CD-ROM: Xerox Case Study

You recently completed an Adobe Acrobat conversion of 46 Adobe FrameMaker books (with table of contents and indexes) comprising over 4,000 total pages for Xerox Corporation. The result being a single volume interactive, cross-platform PDF for CD-ROM distribution. What new knowledge did you gain from this project and what were the main challenges you encountered?

What I learned was that, in yet another area, the PDF format works. I am very fortunate to have a variety of accounts that demand that I put PDF through its paces. I have experience using Acrobat Capture for paper to PDF conversions. I have ad agency accounts that love receiving PDF proofs of the ads that I create. I get to make presentations using nothing but Acrobat and PDFs. I've beaten postal strikes by transmitting PDFs instead of shipping film. I am very grateful to Adobe that PDF provides such a strong foundation for the structure and the future development of my business.

I knew going in how FrameMaker automatically saved to PDF with hierarchical bookmarks and automatic linking between the TOC and the index. But I had never used FrameMaker before. I knew about Catalog but had never created an index before. All the books were built in FrameMaker for Windows and I was an all Mac producer. The requirements specified Windows, Mac, and Unix distribution and I had never burned a CD before. But I knew in my gut that the format would not let me down

All the components of Acrobat (3.01) worked - Distiller, Exchange, Catalog, Reader+Search, Forms Author Plug-in, hyperlinks, bookmarks, the installer scripts... everything. It didn't matter what platform I authored in or on which platform the CD-ROM was loaded.

Parts of the process were tedious - primarily because I refused to take chances. Half of the documents were formatted using TrueType fonts - so I converted the style sheets to Type 1 (using FrameMaker's Import/Format command). I wanted to make sure that the final documents were as consistent as possible and wouldn't foul up when using cross-document searching in Reader+Search.

After the project was completed, I created a 20-page technical guide documenting the steps required and it is now an asset for my consulting business.

How *did* you get the screenshots to look good in Acrobat?

This was a MUST on the Xerox job. They wanted their screen shots to look and print as well as the original output from FrameMaker - after all, the client was Xerox. I had heard of all of the problems that everyone has encountered making screen shots look good in the distilling process and I was worried about the ideal settings. Go to the archives of any PDF user forum and you can pick up plenty of screen capture formulas.

There were about 900 screen shots in this project. Some were Windows Metafile color files (.WMF) and others were .TIF. In addition, just about all of them had been scaled to a percentage of their original size! A wrong guess would have turned the ideal job into a nightmare.

So I "punted" - I decided to not compress them at all and see what happened. I just turned off all of the Job Option compression settings and "let her rip." And it worked! Screen shots are not generally that big to start with (black and white, 72dpi) so they really don't need to be compressed - particularly if you are scaling them down. The simplicity and security of leaving them lossless more than made up for any file size savings - and they looked beautiful. I might have worked harder on compression if they were going onto the web but that was not a requirement.

One problem I did have was on the MetaFiles, however. Since I was converting on a Mac and the originals were created on Windows FrameMaker, the Metafiles did not stay embedded in the file. My workaround was to open all of the Metafiles in Word (it has a Metafile filter) copy them and paste them into Photoshop (which bitmapped some of the .WMF vector components) then copy and pasted them back into the original FrameMaker files. Not elegant, but it worked. If anyone has a better idea, I'd like to hear it.

How smoothly did the testing for Mac, Win and Unix go?

Instead of a hybrid CD, I used the ISO 9660 standard for burning the CD-ROM. I also used the 8.3 file name convention and all caps. You will notice that Adobe saves all of their cross-platform CD-ROM files in all caps and I wanted all of the files names to be consistent.

The testing on all platforms went extremely well. One precaution I took was to keep directory paths to a minimum. For instance, when I created the index using Acrobat Catalog, I put the index in the directory that it cataloged. I did not want to risk any function failures as a result of complicated paths.


For further information, e-mail Performance Graphics at miller@performancegraphics.com or visit Performance Graphics' website, "PDF Research Companion", at http://www.performancegraphics.com.

C. Scott Miller, President of Performance Graphics, is available for demonstrations and consultations concerning Adobe Acrobat and Print to the Web conversion projects. He may be reached at 818/508-5514.


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a production of Performance Graphics
©1998 The Miller De Wulf Corporation